As such, analysis of the trematode parasite ( Pagioporus shawi) permitted more detailed information on population assignments in its host, the steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) than could be obtained by examining genetic variation in the host itself.

However, relative to their hosts, parasites often show higher levels of genetic differentiation. For example, population genetic structure of parasitic nematodes of cattle, sheep and white-tailed deer is explained by host movements. Not surprisingly, spatial genetic structure of a parasite frequently reflects dispersal of its host. Dispersal, in turn, influences gene flow and therefore genetic structure and diversity of a species across a broad range of taxa, less dispersal is associated with increased spatial structure and differentiation. Many parasite species, whether endoparasites or ectoparasites, remain closely associated with their hosts through much of their life cycle, and often rely on their hosts for dispersal. Hosts in turn may also have important effects on their parasites. Parasites may also influence the dynamics of host populations thereby shaping communities. Parasites, through effects on host survival and reproduction, can modify the morphology, life history and behavior of their hosts. Our results suggest an effect of a loose parasite-host relationship and anti-parasitism strategies on genetic structure and post-Pleistocene recovery of population size. adjunctus than have been detected in two of its key hosts. Our study shows different patterns of genetic structure and demographic history in C. adjunctus’ history is not primarily characterized by demographic and range expansion, as is the case with two of its key hosts. adjunctus than has been quantified in two of its hosts, but contrast in amount of variation explained by host association with different genetic markers (i.e., nuclear vs mitochondrial DNA). We found stronger spatial structuring of genetic diversity in C. adjunctus is characterized by range and demographic expansion as a consequence of post-Pleistocene climate warming. We also tested the prediction that demographic history in C. We investigated variation at the cytochrome c oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene and nine microsatellite markers, and tested the prediction that genetic diversity in C. adjunctus through most of its range in North America. Here we describe genetic diversity and demographic history in C.

This ectoparasite has been hypothesized to rely on its hosts for dispersal due to its low inherent dispersal potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic structure and demographic history of a bat ectoparasite, Cimex adjunctus, whose host affinity is weak but the biology of the potential hosts have been well studied. While these processes have been relatively well studied in specialist parasites and their hosts, less is known about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of relationships between generalist ectoparasites and their hosts. Evolutionary histories of parasite and host populations are intimately linked such that their spatial genetic structures may be correlated.

Geographic distance matrix in genodive